【雙語(yǔ)】你知道自己被拍了嗎？
瀏覽量：172 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-11-11
今年晚會(huì)以“提振消費(fèi)，從心開(kāi)始”為主題，旨在讓老百姓生活過(guò)得更加美滿，改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境。
此
前四個(gè)點(diǎn)名批評(píng)的現(xiàn)象，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)成為被曝光重災(zāi)區(qū)，人臉識(shí)別安全隱患重新提上議程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人臉識(shí)別遭濫用
據(jù)央視3·15報(bào)道，監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭在我們的生活中幾乎已經(jīng)無(wú)所不在，這些攝像頭大都是以保障公共安全為目的，但是有些商家所安裝的攝像頭看似普通，卻暗藏玄機(jī)。
有了人臉識(shí)別功能的攝像頭，一旦顧客進(jìn)入科勒衛(wèi)浴門(mén)店，攝像頭會(huì)自動(dòng)記錄人臉信息，并自動(dòng)生成編號(hào)。顧客之后再去哪家門(mén)店，科勒衛(wèi)浴都會(huì)知道。
科勒（中國(guó)）投資有限公司上海華東區(qū)零售銷(xiāo)售主任表示：“比如B店會(huì)顯示，顧客此前逛過(guò)A店，看了哪些產(chǎn)品，B店就有心理準(zhǔn)備，知道如何去接待，如何去報(bào)價(jià)。”
2021年1月1日正式實(shí)施的《民法典》第一千零三十五條明確規(guī)定，處理個(gè)人信息，應(yīng)征得該自然人或者其監(jiān)護(hù)人同意。
但這些攝像頭被設(shè)置在不起眼的地方，顧客走入店中，無(wú)從知曉自己被拍攝，何來(lái)征得同意呢？
圖片
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人臉識(shí)別
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人類(lèi)的臉是一件杰作。面部特征之紛繁各異令人驚嘆，它讓人們能相互辨認(rèn)，也是形成復(fù)雜社會(huì)群體的關(guān)鍵。人臉傳遞情感信號(hào)的功能也同樣重要，無(wú)論是通過(guò)下意識(shí)的臉紅還是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人們?cè)谇逍褧r(shí)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)光研讀一張張面孔—在辦公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在臥室，尋找著興趣、敵意、信任和欺騙的跡象。他們也花大把的時(shí)間試圖掩飾自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先說(shuō)隱私。人臉相比指紋等其他生物特征數(shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)巨大區(qū)別就是它們能夠遠(yuǎn)距離起作用。人們只要有手機(jī)就可以拍下照片，供人臉識(shí)別程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄羅斯的一款應(yīng)用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片與社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)VKontakte上的照片比對(duì)，識(shí)別人的準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)70%。Facebook的面部圖片庫(kù)不能被其他人提取，但是，舉個(gè)例子，這家硅谷巨頭可以獲得汽車(chē)展廳內(nèi)到訪者的照片，然后使用人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)在自己的網(wǎng)站上找到這些人，向他們發(fā)送汽車(chē)廣告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司無(wú)法將照片和身份聯(lián)系起來(lái)，國(guó)家往往可以做到。中國(guó)政府有公民的面部記錄；美國(guó)半數(shù)成年人口的照片儲(chǔ)存在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)在追蹤罪犯方面擁有了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的武器，但它可能會(huì)令公民隱私遭受巨大的損害。
#個(gè)人隱私是爭(zhēng)議核心
人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)目前已被廣泛應(yīng)用于日常生活的各個(gè)方面，乘車(chē)掃碼，進(jìn)出商場(chǎng)，刷臉點(diǎn)單......
消費(fèi)記錄可以通過(guò)大數(shù)據(jù)分析，被購(gòu)物App獲得，分析出消費(fèi)者的行為習(xí)慣。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行車(chē)路線也被打車(chē)平臺(tái)記錄。
在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)面前，黑市上甚至可以公開(kāi)下載交易這些數(shù)據(jù)，更讓人后怕的是，一些手機(jī)App從一開(kāi)始的信息采集就是過(guò)度的。
對(duì)于人臉識(shí)別安全的爭(zhēng)議核心點(diǎn)是個(gè)人隱私問(wèn)題，被忽視的往往是公眾的知情權(quán)與個(gè)人隱私權(quán)。
據(jù)央視網(wǎng)報(bào)道，在實(shí)地調(diào)查中，近半數(shù)受訪者表示自己在人臉數(shù)據(jù)被采集時(shí)并未簽署、知曉相關(guān)隱私政策和用戶(hù)協(xié)議。
超過(guò)四成以上的受訪者表示，并不清楚自己的人臉數(shù)據(jù)是如何被存儲(chǔ)的。有83.37%的受訪者希望運(yùn)營(yíng)者提供查看或刪除人臉數(shù)據(jù)的渠道。
圖片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人臉識(shí)別
天津市人大常委會(huì)于近日表決通過(guò)了《天津市社會(huì)信用條例》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《條例》）。該《條例》將自2021年1月1日起實(shí)施，這也是全國(guó)首個(gè)公開(kāi)禁止采集人臉識(shí)別信息的法規(guī)。
圖片
北京一位居民在小區(qū)入口進(jìn)行人臉識(shí)別。（圖片來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
華北地區(qū)的天津市將從明年起禁止企業(yè)事業(yè)單位等收集個(gè)人生物信息。人臉識(shí)別如今已被廣泛應(yīng)用于移動(dòng)支付、考試甚至公共衛(wèi)生間等場(chǎng)所，這種無(wú)序使用狀況引發(fā)公眾擔(dān)憂。
單詞講解
這里的municipality指我國(guó)行政區(qū)劃中的“直轄市”，完整的表述為 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管轄的城市），直轄市與省（provinces）、自治區(qū)（autonomous regions）相當(dāng)，省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)的其他城市我們多用city表示。
個(gè)人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指紋（fingerprints）、掌紋（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、聲音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《條例》規(guī)定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市場(chǎng)信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的生物識(shí)別信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他個(gè)人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市場(chǎng)信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、納稅數(shù)額等信息，但是明確告知提供該信息可能產(chǎn)生的不利后果并取得其書(shū)面同意的除外。
圖片
2020年8月13日，西安某小區(qū)啟用刷臉門(mén)禁
單詞講解
這里說(shuō)到信息“采集”的時(shí)候用到了collect和harvest這兩個(gè)詞，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替換collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常見(jiàn)的意思是“收割（莊稼、農(nóng)作物）”，動(dòng)詞、名詞都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我們這周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
豐收；
由此還可以引申出“收獲（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、業(yè)績(jī)等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得了好幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
該《條例》適用于信用服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)以及企業(yè)事業(yè)單位。
此
前四個(gè)點(diǎn)名批評(píng)的現(xiàn)象，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)成為被曝光重災(zāi)區(qū)，人臉識(shí)別安全隱患重新提上議程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人臉識(shí)別遭濫用
據(jù)央視3·15報(bào)道，監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭在我們的生活中幾乎已經(jīng)無(wú)所不在，這些攝像頭大都是以保障公共安全為目的，但是有些商家所安裝的攝像頭看似普通，卻暗藏玄機(jī)。
有了人臉識(shí)別功能的攝像頭，一旦顧客進(jìn)入科勒衛(wèi)浴門(mén)店，攝像頭會(huì)自動(dòng)記錄人臉信息，并自動(dòng)生成編號(hào)。顧客之后再去哪家門(mén)店，科勒衛(wèi)浴都會(huì)知道。
科勒（中國(guó)）投資有限公司上海華東區(qū)零售銷(xiāo)售主任表示：“比如B店會(huì)顯示，顧客此前逛過(guò)A店，看了哪些產(chǎn)品，B店就有心理準(zhǔn)備，知道如何去接待，如何去報(bào)價(jià)。”
2021年1月1日正式實(shí)施的《民法典》第一千零三十五條明確規(guī)定，處理個(gè)人信息，應(yīng)征得該自然人或者其監(jiān)護(hù)人同意。
但這些攝像頭被設(shè)置在不起眼的地方，顧客走入店中，無(wú)從知曉自己被拍攝，何來(lái)征得同意呢？
圖片
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人臉識(shí)別
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人類(lèi)的臉是一件杰作。面部特征之紛繁各異令人驚嘆，它讓人們能相互辨認(rèn)，也是形成復(fù)雜社會(huì)群體的關(guān)鍵。人臉傳遞情感信號(hào)的功能也同樣重要，無(wú)論是通過(guò)下意識(shí)的臉紅還是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人們?cè)谇逍褧r(shí)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)光研讀一張張面孔—在辦公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在臥室，尋找著興趣、敵意、信任和欺騙的跡象。他們也花大把的時(shí)間試圖掩飾自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先說(shuō)隱私。人臉相比指紋等其他生物特征數(shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)巨大區(qū)別就是它們能夠遠(yuǎn)距離起作用。人們只要有手機(jī)就可以拍下照片，供人臉識(shí)別程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄羅斯的一款應(yīng)用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片與社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)VKontakte上的照片比對(duì)，識(shí)別人的準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)70%。Facebook的面部圖片庫(kù)不能被其他人提取，但是，舉個(gè)例子，這家硅谷巨頭可以獲得汽車(chē)展廳內(nèi)到訪者的照片，然后使用人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)在自己的網(wǎng)站上找到這些人，向他們發(fā)送汽車(chē)廣告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司無(wú)法將照片和身份聯(lián)系起來(lái)，國(guó)家往往可以做到。中國(guó)政府有公民的面部記錄；美國(guó)半數(shù)成年人口的照片儲(chǔ)存在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)在追蹤罪犯方面擁有了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的武器，但它可能會(huì)令公民隱私遭受巨大的損害。
#個(gè)人隱私是爭(zhēng)議核心
人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)目前已被廣泛應(yīng)用于日常生活的各個(gè)方面，乘車(chē)掃碼，進(jìn)出商場(chǎng)，刷臉點(diǎn)單......
消費(fèi)記錄可以通過(guò)大數(shù)據(jù)分析，被購(gòu)物App獲得，分析出消費(fèi)者的行為習(xí)慣。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行車(chē)路線也被打車(chē)平臺(tái)記錄。
在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)面前，黑市上甚至可以公開(kāi)下載交易這些數(shù)據(jù)，更讓人后怕的是，一些手機(jī)App從一開(kāi)始的信息采集就是過(guò)度的。
對(duì)于人臉識(shí)別安全的爭(zhēng)議核心點(diǎn)是個(gè)人隱私問(wèn)題，被忽視的往往是公眾的知情權(quán)與個(gè)人隱私權(quán)。
據(jù)央視網(wǎng)報(bào)道，在實(shí)地調(diào)查中，近半數(shù)受訪者表示自己在人臉數(shù)據(jù)被采集時(shí)并未簽署、知曉相關(guān)隱私政策和用戶(hù)協(xié)議。
超過(guò)四成以上的受訪者表示，并不清楚自己的人臉數(shù)據(jù)是如何被存儲(chǔ)的。有83.37%的受訪者希望運(yùn)營(yíng)者提供查看或刪除人臉數(shù)據(jù)的渠道。
圖片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人臉識(shí)別
天津市人大常委會(huì)于近日表決通過(guò)了《天津市社會(huì)信用條例》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《條例》）。該《條例》將自2021年1月1日起實(shí)施，這也是全國(guó)首個(gè)公開(kāi)禁止采集人臉識(shí)別信息的法規(guī)。
圖片
北京一位居民在小區(qū)入口進(jìn)行人臉識(shí)別。（圖片來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
華北地區(qū)的天津市將從明年起禁止企業(yè)事業(yè)單位等收集個(gè)人生物信息。人臉識(shí)別如今已被廣泛應(yīng)用于移動(dòng)支付、考試甚至公共衛(wèi)生間等場(chǎng)所，這種無(wú)序使用狀況引發(fā)公眾擔(dān)憂。
單詞講解
這里的municipality指我國(guó)行政區(qū)劃中的“直轄市”，完整的表述為 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管轄的城市），直轄市與省（provinces）、自治區(qū)（autonomous regions）相當(dāng)，省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)的其他城市我們多用city表示。
個(gè)人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指紋（fingerprints）、掌紋（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、聲音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《條例》規(guī)定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市場(chǎng)信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的生物識(shí)別信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他個(gè)人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市場(chǎng)信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、納稅數(shù)額等信息，但是明確告知提供該信息可能產(chǎn)生的不利后果并取得其書(shū)面同意的除外。
圖片
2020年8月13日，西安某小區(qū)啟用刷臉門(mén)禁
單詞講解
這里說(shuō)到信息“采集”的時(shí)候用到了collect和harvest這兩個(gè)詞，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替換collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常見(jiàn)的意思是“收割（莊稼、農(nóng)作物）”，動(dòng)詞、名詞都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我們這周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
豐收；
由此還可以引申出“收獲（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、業(yè)績(jī)等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得了好幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
該《條例》適用于信用服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)以及企業(yè)事業(yè)單位。
