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考研 IELTS TEM8 GRE

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Google’s machine is a special-purpose device that was designed to solve a contrived problem with few practical uses.
谷歌的這臺機器是一種專用設備,旨在解決一項人為設計的問題,沒有多少實際用途。
——《經濟學人》
All modesty — either real or contrived to guard against exposure — was absent from the man.
這個男人身上看不到一點點謙卑——不管是真正的謙遜,還是為避免暴露本性而設法做到的。
——《紐約時報》

基本釋義

[verb] create or bring about (an object or a situation) by deliberate use of skill and artifice
[動詞] 通過有意識地運用技巧和手段來創造或引起(某個物體或情況)


深入解讀

Contrive 一詞源自晚期拉丁語 contropare (通過修辭手法進行比較),經古法語 controver (找出、設法、設想,對應現代法語 controuver)于14世紀初進入英語后開始表示“設計、發明、想出、造出”,多指以某種巧妙的、可能不同尋常的方式發明或制造,比如:

她對幾塊印花棉布加以充分利用,設計出了一條連衣裙。穿這件光鮮靚麗的新連衣裙,她顯得更有身段了。
She made full use of several pieces of calico and contrived a dress from them. The smart new dress was fitted to give her a flattering silhouette.
事情一度糟糕透了。最終我們想出了對付局勢的各種辦法。
Things were pretty grim for a time. Finally, we contrived ways of handling the situation.

之所以要采用巧妙的方式不走尋常路,常常是因為困難重重不得已而為之,而 contrive 也可以用來表示克服重重困難“促成”某事,或者接不定式表示不顧困難而“設法做到”,比如:

他們一直在網上互相詆毀。我決定設法讓他們雙方見上一面。
They have been vilifying each other online. I decided to contrive a meeting between the two of them.
由于拿不出東西作為抵押,這里的貧民無法從銀行貸款。所以他們不得不靠菲薄的收入將就著過日子。
The destitute here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral. So they have to contrive to live on a small income.

這股子聰明勁要是用錯了地方,那就成了 contrive 的貶義指通過欺騙的手段“策劃、謀劃、圖謀、設法做到”,多指做某種愚蠢的事或造成某種不良后果,比如:

由于油價已到了停滯期,于是石油公司故意制造汽油短缺以名正言順地提高油價。
Since the oil price had reached a plateau, the oil companies contrived a shortage of gasoline to justify price increases.
他們精心策劃了一個方案來勒索那家公司。
They contrived a plan to blackmail the company.

名著用例
I know you will contrive it all.
我知道你會想出辦法來把樣樣事情都辦好。
出自19世紀英國小說家簡·奧斯丁(Jane Austen)的代表作《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice)。該小說出版于1813年,主要講述了鄉紳之女伊麗莎白·貝內特和富有的達西先生的愛情故事,反映了19世紀英國鄉紳階層的禮節、成長、教育、道德、婚姻的情態。

同近義詞

engineer: skillfully or artfully arrange for (an event or situation) to occur
orchestrate: arrange or direct the elements of (a situation) to produce a desired effect, especially surreptitiously
fabricate: invent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent
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